The CEO of America’s biggest corporation did something astonishing this week: He staked his company’s future on its ability, in his words, “to define the cutting edge in cleaner power and environmental technology.”
The greening of General Electric was announced by its chief executive, Jeffrey Immelt. He said that by 2010, GE would double its research spending on cleaner technologies to $1.5 billion annually and double its sales of environment-friendly products to $20 billion annually. Meanwhile, GE will reduce its own emission of greenhouse gases by 1 percent by 2012; without this action, emissions would have increased 40 percent. The company is promoting this effort with the infelicitous slogan, “Ecomagination,” but that’s about the only thing wrong with it.
GE is a corporate bellwether. It has a market capitalization of $381 billion and is the most widely held stock in the world. Its former CEO, Jack Welch (who recently published a book with the very un-green title, “Winning”), was a symbol of the management style of the 1990s, which emphasized shareholder value above all else. Immelt made himself a symbol this week of a new CEO style that emphasizes a company’s obligation to a range of stakeholders, including the global environment.
The GE announcement is the most dramatic example yet of a green revolution that is quietly transforming global business. We tend not to see it clearly in the United States, in part because the Bush administration opted out of the Kyoto protocol that took effect in more than 140 countries in February. But if you’re GE and you do billions of dollars of business in Europe (where all 25 members of the European Union ratified Kyoto) you already have to comply with global environmental policies, regardless of what the Bush administration says. What Immelt did, in essence, was to apply the rules that shape GE’s operations abroad to the company as a whole.
What’s happening is that policy on the environment and many other key social issues is being privatized. Informal networks are emerging that link influential nongovernment organizations, giant corporations and governments that want to solve social problems. These networks develop new rules that become industry standards. The United States may drag its heels or criticize these efforts, but its public naysaying is becoming irrelevant to the process of change.
A good example of these self-enforcing rules is an environmental benchmark for financial institutions, known as “The Equator Principles.” Participating companies agree not to lend money for a project unless the borrower completes a detailed environmental assessment that explains how it will meet criteria for sustainable development and other social goals. These principles have now been adopted by nearly all the major global financial institutions, including Citigroup, Bank of America, HSBC and JPMorgan Chase.
Nobody wants to be the next General Motors, the once-mighty automaker that was reduced last week to junk-bond status. GM bet its future on fuel-wasting SUVs and small trucks, even as Toyota was betting that the world would want cars with lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions. Today, Toyota can’t make enough of its fuel-saving hybrid car, the Prius.
The green revolution is partly defensive. In an era of corporate scandals symbolized by the Enron debacle, CEOs understand that their brands are precious equity. To maintain trust in a brand, it isn’t enough anymore to make good products. Consumers trust companies that are responsible citizens; they mistrust companies that appear selfish or wasteful.
The changes announced by GE and other companies are partly cosmetic — a bid for better PR — but maybe that’s the point. These days, you have to be seen as doing good to do well. As Immelt put it this week, “green is green.”
David Ignatius is a syndicated writer in Washington, D.C. – (printed with kind permission)